| 04 August 2009
Hardman AE, Morris JN. Walking to health. British Journal of Sports Medicine 1998 Jun;32(2):184
Department of Health (2004). At least five a week: a report from the Chief Medical Officer. London, Department of Health.
Murphy MH, Nevill AM, Murtagh EM, Holder RL. The effect of walking on fitness, fatness and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Preventive Medicine 2007; 44:377-385.
M Murphy and A E Hardman 1998, 'Training effects of short and long bouts of brisk walking in sedentary women' in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 30:1:152-7
Killoran AJ, Fentem P, Caspersen C. Moving on: an international perspectives on promoting physical activity. London: Health Education Authority, 1994.
Sports Council, Health Education Authority, 1992. Allied Dunbar national fitness survey. Health Education Authority, London.
American College of Sports Medicine. Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 1998. http://www.acsm.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Research/Roundtables_Specialty_Conf/PastRoundtables/Exercise_for_Older_Adults.htm
Sandolin J, Santavirta, Lattila R, Vuolle P, Sarna S. Sport injuries in a large urban population: Occurrence and epidemiological aspects. International Journal of Sports Medicine 1988; 9:61-66.
Lee IM, Skerrett PJ. Physical activity and all cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2001; 33: S459-S471; discussion S493-S494.
Lee I, Paffenbarger R. Physical activity and stroke incidence: the Harvard Alumni Health Study. Stroke 1998;29:2049-54.
Gardner AW, Poehlman ET. Exercise rehabilitation programs for the treatment of claudication pain. A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 1995; 274: 975-980.
Our Health, Our Care, Our Say (2006) Department of Health
Allender S, Peto V, Scarborough P, Kaur A, Rayner M. Coronary heart disease statistics 2008. London: British Heart Foundation, 2008.
Allender S, Foster C, Scarborough P, Rayner M. The burden of physical activity related ill health in the UK. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2007; 61:344-348.
Tackling Obesities: Future Choices – Modelling Future trends in obesity & their impact on Health. A Foresight report for Government Office for Science.
ACSM’s Exercise management for persons with chronic diseases and disabilities. Durstine JL Moore GE 2002.
LaCroix AZ, Leveille SG, hecht JA, Grothaus LC, Wagner EH. Does walking decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease hospitalizations and death in older adults? Journal of American Geriatric Society 1996; 44: 113-120.
Hakim AA, Curb JD, Petrovitch H, Rodriguez BL, Yano K, Ross GW, White LR, Abbott RD. Effects of walking on cornary heart disease in elderly men: The Honolulu Hart Program. Circulation 1999;100:9-13.
Manson JE, Hu FB, Rich-Edwards JW, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willet WC, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of walking as compared with vigorous exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine 1999; 341:650-658.
Hambrecht R, Niebauer J, Marburger C, Grunze M, Kalberer B, Hauer K, Schlierf G, Kubler W, Schuler G. (1993) Various intensities of leisure time physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease: effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. J Am Coll Cardiol; 22 (2):478-9.
Dishman RK, Washburn RA, Heath GW. Physical activity epidemiology. Champaign, Human Kinetics 2004.
Boreham CA, Wallace WF, Nevill A. Training effects of accumulated daily stair-climbing exercise in previously sedentary young women. Preventive Medicine 2000; 30: 277- 281.
Ellis C, Gnani S and Majeed A (2001) Prevalence and management of heart failure in general Practice in England and Wales 1994-1998. Health Statistics Quarterly 11: 17-24.
DH (2002) Hospital Episode Statistics 2000-2001
Gnani S et al (2001) Health Statistics Quarterly; Netten et al (1999) PSSRU, University of Kent.
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Ascherio A, Rexrode KM, Willett WC, et al. Physical activity and risk of stroke in women. Journal of the American Medical Association 2000; 283: 2961-2967.
Yorkshire and Humber PHO. Diabetes – key facts, Yorkshire and Humber PHO, 2005.
ACSM’s Exercise Management for persons with Chronic Diseases and disabilities. Human Kinetics 2002.
Hu FB, Sigal RJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Colditz GA, Solomon CG, Willett WC, et al. Walking compared with vigorous physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Journal of the American Medical Association 1999; 282: 1433-1439.
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention of metformin. New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 346: 393- 403.
NICE Guidelines on COPD management. Thorax 2004;59(suppl 1); 1-232.
Garcia-Aymerich J, Farrer E, et al Risk factors of readmission to hospital for a COPD exacerbation: A Prospective Study. Thorax 2003;58:100-105.
LSE The Depression Report The Centre for Economic Performance’s Mental Health Policy Group June 2006
Moncrieff J, Kirsch I Efficacy of antidepressants in adults. BMJ 2005, 331 155-9
NICE. Depression, NICE Guideline, Second Consultation. London: NHS, 2003, p19, 21.
See MIND at http://www.mind.org.uk/Information/Booklets/Mind+guide+to/Mindguidetophysicalactivity.htm
Mobily, K. E., L. M. Rubenstein, J. H. Lemke, M. W. O'Hara, and R. B. WALLACE. Walking and depression in a cohort of older adults: the Iowa 65+ rural health study. J. Aging Physiol. Activ. 4:119-135, 1996
Ettinger Jr WH, Burns R, Messier SP, Applegate W, Rejeski WJ, Morgan T, et al. A randomized trial comparing aerobic exercise and resistance exercise with a health education program in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. The Fitness Arthritis and Seniors Trial (FAST). Journal of the American Medical Association 1997; 277: 25-31.
Rogers LQ, Macera CA, Hootman JM, Ainsworth BE, Blair SN. The association between joint stress from physical activity and self-reported osteoarthritis: an analysis of the Cooper Clinic data. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2002; 10: 617-622.
ACSM Exercise Management for persons with chronic diseases and disabilities Ch 23
The Health of Children and Young People 2003. Chapter 4: Physical Activity
Davey Smith G, Shipley M, Batty G et al. Physical activity and cause-specific mortality in the Whitehall study. Public Health 2000;114:308-315.
Cavill N, Kahlmeier S, Rutter H, Racioppi F, Oja P. (2008) Economic assessment of Transport Infrastructure and Policies: Methodological guidance on the economic appraisal of Health effects related to Walking and cycling. Rome. World health organization. < color="#0000ff">Http://www.euro.who.int/transport/policy/20070503_1
Department of Health (2004). At least five a week: a report from the Chief Medical Officer. London, Department of Health.
Murphy MH, Nevill AM, Murtagh EM, Holder RL. The effect of walking on fitness, fatness and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Preventive Medicine 2007; 44:377-385.
M Murphy and A E Hardman 1998, 'Training effects of short and long bouts of brisk walking in sedentary women' in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 30:1:152-7
Killoran AJ, Fentem P, Caspersen C. Moving on: an international perspectives on promoting physical activity. London: Health Education Authority, 1994.
Sports Council, Health Education Authority, 1992. Allied Dunbar national fitness survey. Health Education Authority, London.
American College of Sports Medicine. Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 1998. http://www.acsm.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Research/Roundtables_Specialty_Conf/PastRoundtables/Exercise_for_Older_Adults.htm
Sandolin J, Santavirta, Lattila R, Vuolle P, Sarna S. Sport injuries in a large urban population: Occurrence and epidemiological aspects. International Journal of Sports Medicine 1988; 9:61-66.
Lee IM, Skerrett PJ. Physical activity and all cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2001; 33: S459-S471; discussion S493-S494.
Lee I, Paffenbarger R. Physical activity and stroke incidence: the Harvard Alumni Health Study. Stroke 1998;29:2049-54.
Gardner AW, Poehlman ET. Exercise rehabilitation programs for the treatment of claudication pain. A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 1995; 274: 975-980.
Our Health, Our Care, Our Say (2006) Department of Health
Allender S, Peto V, Scarborough P, Kaur A, Rayner M. Coronary heart disease statistics 2008. London: British Heart Foundation, 2008.
Allender S, Foster C, Scarborough P, Rayner M. The burden of physical activity related ill health in the UK. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2007; 61:344-348.
Tackling Obesities: Future Choices – Modelling Future trends in obesity & their impact on Health. A Foresight report for Government Office for Science.
ACSM’s Exercise management for persons with chronic diseases and disabilities. Durstine JL Moore GE 2002.
LaCroix AZ, Leveille SG, hecht JA, Grothaus LC, Wagner EH. Does walking decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease hospitalizations and death in older adults? Journal of American Geriatric Society 1996; 44: 113-120.
Hakim AA, Curb JD, Petrovitch H, Rodriguez BL, Yano K, Ross GW, White LR, Abbott RD. Effects of walking on cornary heart disease in elderly men: The Honolulu Hart Program. Circulation 1999;100:9-13.
Manson JE, Hu FB, Rich-Edwards JW, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willet WC, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of walking as compared with vigorous exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine 1999; 341:650-658.
Hambrecht R, Niebauer J, Marburger C, Grunze M, Kalberer B, Hauer K, Schlierf G, Kubler W, Schuler G. (1993) Various intensities of leisure time physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease: effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. J Am Coll Cardiol; 22 (2):478-9.
Dishman RK, Washburn RA, Heath GW. Physical activity epidemiology. Champaign, Human Kinetics 2004.
Boreham CA, Wallace WF, Nevill A. Training effects of accumulated daily stair-climbing exercise in previously sedentary young women. Preventive Medicine 2000; 30: 277- 281.
Ellis C, Gnani S and Majeed A (2001) Prevalence and management of heart failure in general Practice in England and Wales 1994-1998. Health Statistics Quarterly 11: 17-24.
DH (2002) Hospital Episode Statistics 2000-2001
Gnani S et al (2001) Health Statistics Quarterly; Netten et al (1999) PSSRU, University of Kent.
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Ascherio A, Rexrode KM, Willett WC, et al. Physical activity and risk of stroke in women. Journal of the American Medical Association 2000; 283: 2961-2967.
Yorkshire and Humber PHO. Diabetes – key facts, Yorkshire and Humber PHO, 2005.
ACSM’s Exercise Management for persons with Chronic Diseases and disabilities. Human Kinetics 2002.
Hu FB, Sigal RJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Colditz GA, Solomon CG, Willett WC, et al. Walking compared with vigorous physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Journal of the American Medical Association 1999; 282: 1433-1439.
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention of metformin. New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 346: 393- 403.
NICE Guidelines on COPD management. Thorax 2004;59(suppl 1); 1-232.
Garcia-Aymerich J, Farrer E, et al Risk factors of readmission to hospital for a COPD exacerbation: A Prospective Study. Thorax 2003;58:100-105.
LSE The Depression Report The Centre for Economic Performance’s Mental Health Policy Group June 2006
Moncrieff J, Kirsch I Efficacy of antidepressants in adults. BMJ 2005, 331 155-9
NICE. Depression, NICE Guideline, Second Consultation. London: NHS, 2003, p19, 21.
See MIND at http://www.mind.org.uk/Information/Booklets/Mind+guide+to/Mindguidetophysicalactivity.htm
Mobily, K. E., L. M. Rubenstein, J. H. Lemke, M. W. O'Hara, and R. B. WALLACE. Walking and depression in a cohort of older adults: the Iowa 65+ rural health study. J. Aging Physiol. Activ. 4:119-135, 1996
Ettinger Jr WH, Burns R, Messier SP, Applegate W, Rejeski WJ, Morgan T, et al. A randomized trial comparing aerobic exercise and resistance exercise with a health education program in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. The Fitness Arthritis and Seniors Trial (FAST). Journal of the American Medical Association 1997; 277: 25-31.
Rogers LQ, Macera CA, Hootman JM, Ainsworth BE, Blair SN. The association between joint stress from physical activity and self-reported osteoarthritis: an analysis of the Cooper Clinic data. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2002; 10: 617-622.
ACSM Exercise Management for persons with chronic diseases and disabilities Ch 23
The Health of Children and Young People 2003. Chapter 4: Physical Activity
Davey Smith G, Shipley M, Batty G et al. Physical activity and cause-specific mortality in the Whitehall study. Public Health 2000;114:308-315.
Cavill N, Kahlmeier S, Rutter H, Racioppi F, Oja P. (2008) Economic assessment of Transport Infrastructure and Policies: Methodological guidance on the economic appraisal of Health effects related to Walking and cycling. Rome. World health organization. < color="#0000ff">Http://www.euro.who.int/transport/policy/20070503_1